Introduction to Varmint Hunting
Varmint hunting is a thrilling pursuit that targets small to medium-sized game animals like coyotes, rabbits, and squirrels. Among these, coyote hunting has surged in popularity due to the animal’s cunning nature and the challenge it presents. To excel in varmint hunting, it’s crucial to understand the behavior and habitat of your quarry, as well as to select the right equipment. Popular calibers for coyote hunting include the .223 Remington, .22-250 Remington, and .243 Winchester. These calibers are favored for their flat trajectory and sufficient power to take down medium-sized game effectively. When transitioning to hunting deer or other larger game, it’s essential to adhere to local regulations and choose an appropriate caliber and load to get the job done efficiently. Understanding these nuances can significantly enhance your hunting experience and success rate.
Understanding Shotgun Gauges
When it comes to hunting predators like coyotes and foxes, choosing the right shotgun gauge can make a big difference in how your hunt plays out. Gauge refers to the bore size of the shotgun. The versatility and power of 12-gauge shotguns in various hunting scenarios make them particularly popular. Each gauge has its strengths depending on your target, terrain, and personal preferences. For predator hunting, most hunters narrow their choices to the 12, 20, and sometimes 10 gauge depending on what they’re after and how they plan to hunt.
Coyotes Demand Reach and Power
Coyotes are fast, tough, and often on the move. For this reason, many hunters favor a 12 gauge. A rifle can also be an effective choice for coyote hunting due to its precision and range. It offers a strong balance of power, range, and versatility. A well-placed load of buckshot or a heavy predator-specific shell from a 12 gauge will drop a coyote cleanly, even out to forty yards or more. The heavier payload gives you more pellets in the air, increasing your odds when a fast-moving target doesn’t give you a second shot. If you plan on calling coyotes into open fields or along brush lines, the 12 gauge gives you the punch you need.
Popular Calibers for Coyote Hunting
Coyote hunters often gravitate towards calibers that offer high velocity and a flat trajectory, making the .223 Remington and .22-250 Remington top choices. These calibers are extremely effective for long-distance shots and come with the added benefit of low recoil, making them suitable for hunters of all skill levels. Other popular calibers include the .243 Winchester, .308 Winchester, and .300 Winchester Magnum. Each of these calibers has its strengths, depending on the terrain and distance. For instance, a .223 Remington is ideal for open fields, while a .300 Winchester Magnum excels in dense woods. Additionally, hunters should consider the type of hunting they will be doing, whether it’s rabbit hunting or hog hunting, and select a caliber that fits the specific requirements of their hunt.
Foxes Require Precision Over Power
Foxes are smaller and more fragile than coyotes, which means you don’t need as much power, but you still want enough spread and pattern density to ensure a clean kill. When hunting red fox, it is important to choose the right rifle caliber and ammunition, considering factors like availability and legal requirements, especially in areas where non-lead bullets are mandated. A 20 gauge can be a great choice here, offering reduced recoil and adequate power when using smaller shot sizes like BB or No. 2. These gauges work especially well for fox hunting in tighter quarters like creek bottoms, hardwoods, or edge habitat where shots are closer and quick.
Shot Placement and Range
When it comes to hunting coyotes, shot placement is paramount. A well-placed shot ensures a quick and humane kill, which is the ethical goal of every hunter. Aim for the vital organs, such as the heart and lungs, to maximize your chances of a clean kill. The effective range of your shot depends on the caliber and load you are using, as well as your skill level. For example, a .223 Remington can be effective up to 400 yards, while a .300 Winchester Magnum can extend your range to 600 yards. When taking long-distance shots, factors like wind, terrain, and bullet trajectory must be considered. Understanding the concept of an exit wound and the importance of precise shot placement can help you make more effective and humane kills. Always be aware of your rifle’s maximum range and avoid taking shots beyond your capabilities to ensure a successful hunt.
Choke Considerations
No matter which gauge you choose, choke selection is just as important. A tighter choke, like a full or modified, can keep your pattern dense enough to be effective at longer ranges. For coyote hunting, many hunters prefer a turkey choke or a specialized predator choke to tighten the pattern even further. For foxes, a modified choke often gives the best mix of coverage and consistency without damaging the pelt too much. Patterning your shotgun ahead of time with your chosen load helps you learn its limits and get a feel for how it performs. Understanding muzzle velocity is also crucial, as it impacts the shot pattern and overall effectiveness of your load.
Load Selection Matters
Beyond gauge and choke, the shell you use will determine a lot about your success. For coyotes, buckshot—such as No. 4 buck—or heavier tungsten loads designed for predators are ideal. Selecting the right grain bullet for different hunting scenarios is crucial to ensure optimal performance. These shells carry enough energy to punch through tough hide and bone. For foxes, smaller shot sizes like BB, No. 2, or No. 4 provide a good blend of pattern density and stopping power without excessive damage to fur. Many hunters choose high-velocity loads to tighten their effective range and increase impact.
Balancing Mobility and Setup
Shotgun gauge also plays a role in how mobile and comfortable you are in the field. A lightweight 20 gauge is easier to carry over long distances and maneuver in tight brush or dense cover. Additionally, using a lightweight bullet can maintain high speed and flat shooting over long distances, which is advantageous for precise shot placement. On the other hand, the recoil of a 12 gauge isn’t a big issue for most experienced hunters, especially when using lower-recoil loads. If you’re running and gunning or changing setups frequently while calling, that extra weight might matter. If you’re posted up and calling from a single position, a heavier gun might not be a drawback.
Equipment and Safety
Selecting the right equipment is crucial for a successful coyote hunt. Semi-auto rifles, such as the AR-15, are popular among coyote hunters due to their high magazine capacity and low recoil. When choosing ammunition, consider options like buckshot or a modified choke to match your chosen caliber and load. Safety should always be a top priority. Wear protective gear, such as ear and eye protection, and follow safe hunting practices. Be mindful of your surroundings and ensure you have a clear shot before firing. Additionally, consider the cost and local regulations when selecting your equipment and planning your hunt. By adhering to these guidelines and considering the various factors involved in varmint hunting, you can increase your chances of success and enjoy a safe, rewarding hunting experience.
When to Consider a 10 Gauge
Though less common, some hunters swear by the 10 gauge for predator work, especially for coyotes at extended ranges. Other cartridges can also serve the same purpose effectively, offering a variety of ammunition options for hunters. The extra payload and power are undeniable, but the tradeoff is weight and recoil. It’s a niche option best suited for experienced shooters who are comfortable with a heavier platform and want to push the limits on range. If you consistently call coyotes into big open country where long shots are the norm, the 10 gauge can be a reliable, if specialized, tool.
Conclusion
Choosing a gauge for hunting coyotes and foxes comes down to understanding your quarry, terrain, and shooting style. A 12 gauge is hard to beat for coyotes thanks to its power and versatility. When you hunt coyotes, particularly in areas with livestock, it is crucial to use strategic techniques. A 20 gauge offers a more forgiving and nimble option for fox hunting and close-range work. Choke selection, load choice, and comfort with your firearm all factor into the equation. With the right setup, any of these gauges can help you make a clean, ethical shot and enjoy a successful predator hunt.
FAQs
What is the best gauge for hunting coyotes?
The 12 gauge is the most popular choice for coyote hunting due to its power, range, and availability of predator-specific loads.
Can you use a 20 gauge for fox hunting?
Yes, a 20 gauge is well-suited for foxes, especially when using shot sizes like BB or No. 2 in areas with closer shooting distances.
What choke is best for predator hunting?
A full or modified choke usually works best. For coyotes, many hunters prefer a turkey or predator-specific choke to tighten the pattern.
Is a 10 gauge too much for predator hunting?
Not necessarily. A 10 gauge offers extended range and knockdown power but comes with added weight and recoil, making it best for open-country setups.
Does shot size matter for coyotes and foxes?
Yes. Use larger shot like No. 4 buck for coyotes and smaller shot like BB or No. 2 for foxes to balance power and pelt preservation.
Â