Predator Management in the Golden State
California’s expansive public lands, varied terrain, and strong coyote population make it a viable destination for predator hunting. Certain hunting seasons for other animals, such as cottontail and brush rabbits, open from July 1 to January 28, illustrating the importance of understanding seasonal regulations. Coyotes are present from the Sierra Nevada foothills to the deserts, coastal hills, and agricultural valleys. Though hunting regulations are more restrictive than in many other states, California still offers year-round opportunity—provided hunters follow legal methods and understand area-specific rules.
Legal Classification and Season
In California, coyotes are classified as nongame mammals, which means they may be taken year-round with no bag limit. According to the Fish and Game Code, hunters must possess a valid California hunting license. Coyotes may be hunted on both private and public land, but hunters must comply with statewide and area-specific regulations, including firearm restrictions, land closures, and hunting hours. Hunters must also adhere to specific provisions outlined in the California Code of Regulations, including those in the game code. There is no official coyote season—hunting is permitted year-round.
Firearms and Ammunition Regulations
California law restricts the use of certain firearms and ammunition types. Non-lead ammunition is required for all hunting statewide, including for coyotes, regardless of the firearm used. Rifles, shotguns, handguns, and air rifles are all legal options for hunting coyotes. However, the use of semi-automatic rifles with detachable magazines and features defined as “assault weapons” is prohibited under state law. Shotguns must be plugged to hold no more than three shells when hunting on public land. It is also unlawful to use certain types of firearms, and lights used during night hunting must not exceed a maximum 9-volt light source.
Legal Methods of Take
Legal hunting methods include:
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Firearms (rifles, shotguns, pistols) with non-lead ammunition.
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Archery equipment including compound bows and crossbows, which are legal methods for taking coyotes.
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Air rifles and pre-charged pneumatic air guns, again using non-lead projectiles.
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Hand calls and electronic calls are legal.
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Night hunting is allowed in some counties with specific restrictions, but is prohibited in others.
Certain devices used to assist in hunting, such as infrared lights, are prohibited.
Use of artificial lights is allowed for nongame hunting in certain counties but must be hand-held or rifle-mounted—not vehicle-mounted—and only used while on foot. Night vision and thermal imaging scopes are legal, provided they are not used in conjunction with infrared lasers. The legality of shooting coyotes is subject to strict guidelines, emphasizing the importance of following state regulations to avoid legal repercussions.
Where to Hunt Coyotes in California
Coyotes inhabit nearly all parts of the state. Public lands such as Bureau of Land Management (BLM) areas, national forests, and state wildlife areas provide good access. Hunters must obtain permission from the landowner or renter of the property before hunting coyotes. Popular regions include:
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Mojave Desert and Imperial Valley for open country and visibility.
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Northern California foothills and high desert regions.
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Central Valley farmlands and oak-dotted hillsides.
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Sierra foothills and national forest clearings.
Always verify land status and area-specific hunting rules before heading out. Some public areas have firearm discharge bans or limited access. Check with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) and local land management agencies.
Night Hunting Rules
Night hunting for coyotes is allowed only in specific counties and under detailed regulations governing the use of lights. Artificial lights may be used where legal but cannot be used from vehicles. Hunters should review the relevant sections of the California Code of Regulations before setting out to hunt at night. Always confirm local ordinances before planning a night hunt. Some counties, such as San Bernardino, Kern, and parts of the Central Valley, allow night hunting under defined conditions.
Electronic Calls and Decoys
Electronic calls are legal in California for hunting coyotes. Hunters can find videos online that demonstrate the effective use of electronic calls and decoys. Many hunters use a combination of rabbit distress, rodent squeals, or coyote howls to attract predators. Decoys—both motion and static—are also permitted and useful for drawing attention and encouraging committed approaches. Hand calls remain legal and effective for close-range hunting or when you want more control over sound and cadence. However, certain devices used to assist in hunting, such as infrared lights, are prohibited.
Tips for Staying Legal and Safe
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Always carry proof of your hunting license.
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Use only certified non-lead ammunition.
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Review all local and county-specific hunting laws.
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Ensure firearms and optics meet legal standards.
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Do not use vehicle-mounted lights or shoot from roads.
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Avoid hunting near occupied buildings or private residences.
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Apply for hunting licenses and permits where required.
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It is unlawful to hunt without the appropriate permits and licenses.
Conclusion
Coyote hunting in California requires a strong understanding of legal methods and a careful approach to access, weapons, and gear. Hunting practices can have significant effects on coyote populations, and responsible hunting helps maintain a balanced ecosystem. Though regulations are stricter than in many states, hunters willing to do their homework will find year-round opportunities in varied terrain. With the right setup and full legal awareness, California can offer rewarding predator hunts while contributing to balanced wildlife management.
FAQs
Is there a season for coyote hunting in California?
No, coyotes may be hunted year-round with no bag limit. However, certain hunting activities, such as rabbit hunting in California, are regulated to be open from July 1 to January 28.
Do I need a license to hunt coyotes?
Yes, a valid California hunting license is required. Hunters must apply for a valid California hunting license before hunting coyotes.
What kind of ammo can I use?
Only non-lead ammunition is legal for hunting in California.
Are electronic calls legal?
Yes, electronic calls may be used to hunt coyotes.
Can I hunt at night?
Yes, in certain counties with specific restrictions. Check local laws before hunting at night. Hunters should review the relevant sections of the California Code of Regulations to ensure compliance with all regulations regarding the use of lights and other devices.
Are thermal scopes legal?
Yes, thermal imaging is legal, but infrared lasers are not allowed.
Where can I hunt coyotes?
BLM land, national forests, and private land (with permission) are all options. Hunters must obtain permission from the landowner or renter of the property before hunting coyotes. Always verify local regulations.
Can I use a shotgun?
Yes, with non-lead ammo. Shotguns must be plugged to hold no more than three shells when hunting on public land.
Are there weapon restrictions?
Yes, certain semi-automatic rifles and “assault weapon” features are prohibited under California law.
Do I need to wear orange?
California does not require blaze orange for hunting, but wearing it is recommended for safety.