Quail Hunting in Arizona: Mearns, Scaled, and Gambel Tips

Desert Hills and Sky Island Birds

Arizona is one of the premier destinations in the country for upland bird hunters, offering the rare chance to pursue three species of wild quail across rugged, scenic country. The mearns habitat, characterized by rugged, steep terrain and grass under a live oak canopy, is crucial for hunting and understanding the behavior of Mearns quail. Mearns country refers to the specific habitats and regions where Mearns' quail can be found in Arizona, emphasizing the unique challenges and experiences associated with hunting in this rugged terrain. From the cactus-dotted desert valleys to the oak-studded slopes of southern Arizona, hunters willing to cover ground and study the habitat can enjoy a true southwestern upland hunting adventure.

Quail Species in Arizona

• Gambel’s Quail: Found across desert washes, mesquite thickets, and arid foothills in central and southern Arizona.

• Scaled Quail: Also known as “blue quail,” they inhabit grassy flats and semi-arid plains, especially in southeastern and eastern parts of the state.

• Mearns’ Quail: A prized bird of the southern Arizona sky islands, often found in oak and juniper woodlands above 4,000 feet elevation. They are also known as Montezuma quail. Their habitat range is limited to small areas in Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, contributing to their lesser known status among quail species.

Season Dates and Licensing

Quail season in Arizona typically begins in early October for Gambel’s and Scaled quail and runs into February. Mearns’ quail season usually opens in December and ends in mid-February. A valid Arizona hunting license and a migratory bird stamp are required. It is important to be a licensed hunter to comply with state regulations. Always check Arizona Game and Fish Department regulations for specific dates and bag limits.

Best Areas for Quail Hunting

• Gambel’s Quail: Look to Sonoran desert habitat south and west of Phoenix, and around Tucson and Yuma.

• Scaled Quail: Focus on southeastern Arizona near Willcox, Safford, and the New Mexico border.

• Mearns’ Quail: Concentrated in the oak woodlands of the Patagonia, Sierra Vista, and Nogales areas.

Key in on areas with recent summer rains, as good precipitation boosts brood production and overall numbers. Additionally, winter rains can significantly affect the hunting experience and success rates during the season by improving habitat conditions and increasing the accessibility and abundance of wild quail species.

Best Time of Day to Hunt Quail

Hunt early in the morning when birds are feeding and more likely to hold tight for pointing dogs. Quail roost at night and often remain inactive at their night roosts following nighttime snowfall or disturbances, affecting their activity in the morning. The excitement of seeing a covey rise and take flight during a hunt is a thrilling moment for any hunter. Late afternoon can also be productive, particularly when working shaded cover or north-facing slopes. After a successful morning hunt, hunters can plan the rest of their day, perhaps anticipating the upcoming desert quail hunt while reflecting on the morning's accomplishments.

Tactics for Success

Pointing Dogs: Essential for Mearns’ and helpful for all species. These birds often hold well for good dog work. I once hunted Mearns’ quail in the rugged terrain of southern Arizona, facing unpredictable weather and the challenge of locating these elusive birds. Near a squat oak tree, the dogs were pointing, creating a focal point for our strategy. The camaraderie among fellow hunters and the thrill of achieving a successful harvest made the experience unforgettable.

Cover Ground: Arizona quail hunting is active and leg-driven—be prepared for long hikes across tough terrain.

Water and Shade: Gambel’s and Scaled quail often concentrate near water sources or shady desert vegetation.

After a covey flush, pause to mark the flight paths and work the singles slowly and methodically. The excitement of flushing coveys is unmatched, as the birds scatter unpredictably. When a covey rises, the thrill of shooting at the rising birds adds to the exhilaration of the hunt. Unlike most quail species, Mearns coveys break up chaotically when flushed, resulting in singles and pairs of birds flying off in all directions.

Gear for Arizona Quail Hunting

• Firearms: 20 or 28 gauge shotguns are perfect for quick shooting in open terrain. The thrill of taking a successful shot during a flush adds to the excitement, requiring precise timing and skill. Additionally, having good dogs is crucial for a successful quail hunting experience, as they help track and flush birds effectively. Guides target various species of quail throughout the course of a guided hunt, ensuring clients have ample opportunities to pursue their hunting goals.

• Clothing: Lightweight, breathable fabrics for warm, dry conditions. Durable pants for navigating rocky country. Blaze orange is recommended.

• Footwear: Supportive, well-broken-in hiking boots with good traction for rugged and uneven desert ground.

Meat Care and Handling

Arizona’s climate can be warm even in winter. Field dress birds promptly and store in a cooler with ice or insulation. Clean birds thoroughly and prepare for roasting, grilling, or sautéing. It is important to only kill a few birds to ensure sustainable hunting practices.

Quail meat can be enjoyed in various ways; you can eat it roasted, grilled, or sautéed to savor its unique flavor. The success of the hunting experience can also be measured by the overall physical exercise and enjoyment derived from the scenic environment.

Conclusion

Quail hunting in Arizona is as visually stunning as it is rewarding. With three unique species available in breathtaking terrain, the state offers an unmatched upland hunting experience. Whether pursuing Mearns’ in shaded oak canyons or following a covey of Gambel’s through a desert wash, Arizona delivers upland tradition in one of the most distinctive landscapes in the country. The dynamic nature of Mearns' quail hunting adds to the overall excitement and appeal of quail hunting in Arizona. The fun and memorable experiences of quail hunting here make it an engaging and fulfilling outdoor activity.

FAQs

What license do I need to hunt quail in Arizona?

A valid Arizona hunting license and a migratory bird stamp are required.

When does quail season open in Arizona?

Gambel’s and Scaled typically open in early October; Mearns’ usually opens in December.

What guns are best for quail hunting?

20 or 28 gauge shotguns are lightweight and ideal for fast shooting.

Where can I find public land for quail hunting?

BLM land, national forests, and state trust lands with proper access provide good opportunities.

Is blaze orange required?

Blaze orange is recommended for safety, though not always mandatory.

What time of day is best for hunting?

Early mornings and late afternoons when birds are feeding and active.

How should I care for quail meat?

Field dress promptly, cool quickly, and cook thoroughly.

Are all three quail species available on the same hunt?

It’s possible, but most hunts focus on one species based on elevation and habitat.

Can I hunt quail without a dog?

Yes, but having a pointing dog significantly increases your success.

Is Arizona quail hunting physically demanding?

Yes, expect long walks, rocky ground, and steep slopes—be in good shape and carry water. After a successful hunt, you will often have to walk back to your vehicle, adding to the physical exercise and enjoyable experiences of quail hunting. You will need to climb steep hillsides and navigate rocky outcroppings, which require physical endurance and appropriate gear. To balance these physical demands, hunters can spend time on other enjoyable activities, ensuring a well-rounded and healthy lifestyle.